Animal traction : guidelines for utilization

This study propounds the viewpoint that animal traction and mechanization should be integrated in agricultural development programs. The study examines the principles of animal traction, including measuring power, the pulling of plows and wheeled implements, and line of pull. Methods of calculating the draft capacity of animals under different circumstances are also investigated, and description is given to the capabilities, in stressful, warm climates, of horses, donkeys, buffalo, oxen, cows, camels, and elephants. The draft power of yaks, yak-cattle hybrids, reindeer, llama, alpaca, dogs, elk, moose, sheep, and goats is also discussed. The draft and packing performances of different draft animals are compared, and nutrient requirements explored. In conclusion, the authors note that more efficient and productive systems of employing animal traction are essential in developing countries. Recommended in particular are improved harness, a study of the physical principles affecting draft to allow for more efficient transfer from animals to implements, and improved nutrition regimes. Appendices include lists of African and South and East Asian cattle used for traction and a 28-page bibliography (1881-l980).