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The training programs emphasized the importance of crop rotation, composting, and conservation agriculture to improve soil fertility and reduce erosion. The higher adoption rates among women-headed households were attributed to their greater involvement in household decision-making and their willingness to adopt new practices. The program's success was attributed to the integrated approach, which addressed both the supply-side constraints (soil degradation and limited market access) and the demand-side constraints (limited income and food security). The program's impact was also influenced by the geographic context of Rwanda, where agriculture is a critical sector contributing to the country's economic growth and poverty reduction. The program's focus on sustainable agriculture practices and market linkage facilitation helped to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers, particularly women-headed households, and contributed to the country's efforts to achieve food security and reduce poverty.