Bolivia : environmental assessment of insecticides as residual sprays for malaria control

This assessment analyzes Bolivia"s trial use of the pyrethoids lambda cyhalothrin and deltamethrin as residual house sprays, and identifies health, safety, and environmental issues relating to the proposed use. According to the report, the anticipated short- and long-term effects of the insecticides on humans, domestic animals, birds, fish, honeybees, wildlife, and the abiotic environment would be minimal compared with the potential benefits of malaria control. This conclusion is based on the relatively small quantities to be used and the contained nature of the use (intra-domiciliary spraying), and assumes that recommended staff training, safety precautions, mitigating measures, and monitoring are fully implemented. A detailed mitigation plan is presented to further minimize acute poisoning of spray crews, inhabitants, and domestic animals; contamination of surface and ground water; and poisoning of fish, birds, and other wildlife. The plan includes recommendations for training, use of protective clothing, education, and proper disposal of rinsate, waste, and empty containers. (Author abstract, modified)