Cutthroat flumes for water measurement

IT IS SUITED ESPECIALLY TO OPEN IRRIGATION CHANNELS ON FLAT TERRAIN, IS RELATIVELY EASY AND INEXPENSIVE TO CONSTRUCT, IS SELF-CLEANING, AND CAN BE USED IN A WIDE RANGE OF CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IS PRACTICED. THE MOST OBVIOUS ADVANTAGE OF A "CUTTHROAT" FLUME IS ECONOMY, SINCE FABRICATION IS FACILITATED BY A FLAT-BOTTOM AND REMOVAL OF THE THROAT SECTION. ANOTHER ADVANTAGE IS THAT EVERY FLUME LENGTH HAS THE SAME ENTRANCE AND EXIT SECTION LENGTHS, WHICH ALLOWS THE SAME FORMS OR PATTERNS TO BE USED FOR ANY DESIRED THROAT WIDTH. THE FLUME CAN OPERATE EITHER AS A FREE FLOW OR A SUBMERGED FLOW STRUCTURE. METHODS FOR OBTAINING SUBMERGED FLOW CALIBRATION CURVES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED, AND FREE FLOW TABLES ARE AVAILABLE FOR VARIOUS SIZED FLUMES.