Environmental policy dialogue : lessons learned

Institutional strengthening aspects of the policy dialogue process are also discussed. Each lesson is first stated succinctly, followed by an explanation of its meaning and importance, a detailed discussion of key issues, and programmatic implications. Selected case examples demonstrate each lesson. The lessons are classified into three groups, as provided below. Lessons regarding initiation and context. (1) Link environmental policy dialogue to economic development and to specific problems that improved policies can address. Most countries, especially poor ones, are unwilling to make economic sacrifices to enhance environmental quality. Environmental goals are more easily advanced when they contribute simultaneously to economic progress. (2) Market the benefits of policy dialogue in terms of local impacts. Local incentives are the driving force for widespread adoption of improved methods. Local outreach and training often form necessary complements to environmental policy reform. (3) Seize targets of opportunity -- timing is everything. Effective policy dialogue is demand-driven, responsive to local interests and needs. (4) Involve all key stakeholders, but also make sure that there is a policy champion who can become a significant national player. (5) Donor coordination is crucial for consistent and effective policies to emerge from the dialogue. (6) Policy advisors need to approach the policy development process in various settings with diverse parties. Advisors should seize opportunities to work one-on-one or in small groups with individuals and organizations that could influence the policy process, including private sector representatives, local think tanks, and NGOs. Lessons regarding the process of environmental policy dialogue. (1) Policy dialogue is not a "one-shot event", but a continuing process that requires patience and perseverance. Unless policy dialogue continues to address emerging problems in the reform process, disappointment and frustration at the lack of results could reverse gains. Further, even if results are obtained from the start, their sustainability is far from ensured. At the same time, lack of policy changes, despite sustained policy dialogue, does not necessarily mean failure. What appears as inaction might actually be a slow change of attitudes and perceptions that will later become manifest in policy change and reform. (2) Policy dialogue requires flexibility and thrives on open and creative interaction among counterparts. Flexibility is key to: reconciling ambitious environmental objectives with actual practice; adapting general laws and regulations to particular situations; and minimizing the economic, social, and political costs of the policy without compromising its objectives. Open, two-way communications between key players -- often advisors and their counterparts -- must be maintained to ensure continuous adjustment. Lessons regarding the content of environmental policy dialogue. (1) Policy dialogue depends on solid analysis, which helps advisors and donors establish their credibility and their ability to help determine the causes of environmental problems, especially where these are imperfectly understood. Finally, a dialogue based on reliable analysis will more likely result in effective policy. (2) Policy dialogue must be multidisciplinary and recognize cross-sectoral and gender linkages. Donors, policymakers, technicians, and communities need to work together for effective environmental policy dialogue to occur. A comprehensive understanding of opportunities and constraints is necessary to build the broad-based support that policy changes demand. Adopting interdisciplinary perspectives can be challenging and demands a continual review of both the environmental and socioeconomic effects of policy change. Strong consideration of gender and other equity issues enhances the prospects for success.