Forest pests in Central America : handbook

This handbook, produced under the A.I.D.-supported MADELENA project as a companion to a simpler field guide on the subject (PN-ABN-879), presents detailed information on the identification and control of pests of priority tree species in the region. Chapter one reviews the taxonomy, life cycles, and identification of harmful insects, fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and parasitic plants, and also points out harmful abiotic factors (e.g., mineral imbalances, improper soil humidity, wind, etc.). Chapter two focuses on damage caused to different plant parts (e.g., reproductive structures, roots, foliage) by animals and pathogens. The two chapters include many diagrams and photographs of insects, pathogens, damage, etc. The next two chapters cover pest management. Chapter three discusses preventative measures (such as proper site selection and quarantining); non-pesticidal remedial measures (such as pruning, thinning, isolation, biological control, use of insect pheromone attractants or repellents, and trapping); and post-control measures to prevent relapses. Chapter four focuses on pesticides, covering types of pesticides, formulation, application equipment, and side effects and safety; guidelines for pesticide use are included. Finally, Chapter five provides directions for evaluating damage caused by pests and for collecting and preparing samples; a reproducible form for reporting on plant health problems is provided. Includes references.