Immunization in Africa : issues and trends

This paper reviews the current status of immunization programs in Africa, explores some of the factors contributing to low and/or unstable coverage, and makes recommendations regarding donor commitment, funding levels, delivery strategies, and sustainability. Challenges for the 1990s are to: (1) tailor programs to the widely varying needs and capacities of individual countries, most of which lack the resources to meet the global immunization goals set for the 1990s; (2) provide sufficient donor support for immunization while encouraging long-term financial and institutional commitment on the part of African countries; (3) increase access to immunization through a mix of locally appropriate, cost-effective, and sustainable delivery strategies; (4) maintain the effectiveness of vertical programs while striving to integrate immunization programs with other maternal/child health care activities; and (5) improve information systems on disease incidence and immunization coverage.