Improvement of vernacular housing in Jamaica to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes

After assessing the risks posed by hurricanes and earthquakes to native housing, the history of Jamaican architecture and housing construction is set forth, with special reference to both non- and semi-engineered contemporary housing. Next, 9 different types of native construction using varied materials are analyzed as to their vulnerability. Both rural and urban building practices are examined and key issues related to housing, i.e., financing, land tenure, the extent of housing deterioration and its implications, and lack of a designated agency to maintain/upgrade existing dwellings, are investigated. Intermediate, short- and long-term vulnerability reduction strategies are assessed. Finally, a comprehensive program to upgrade non-engineered housing is recommended. Specific suggestions are to designate a lead agency, establish intergovernmental coordinating and program advisory committees, conduct a feasibility study, and prepare minimum performance standards for all types of native construction. Areas for A.I.D. involvement are specified. Appendices include a list of recommended training aids and promotional materials; proposed curricula for instructors, contractors, and self-help builders; and a list of typical building costs.