Information flows and institutional functions related to problems of small farmers

This paper discusses ways to identify and remove information-related and institutional constraints to small farmers" acceptance of emerging agricultural technologies. The author first defines institutions as patterns of relations among people, and identifies five institutional systems of concern to small farmers. A model information system based on an agricultural university or research institute is then outlined. Two major shortcomings in developing country information systems, the lack of training for information personnel and the shortage of relevant educational materials and programs, are discussed, and steps for remedying them listed. Lastly, key questions to be considered by those providing production and marketing information to farmers are identified. These questions are concerned with the context and the institutional framework within which information will be provided; the particular characteristics and needs of communities and farmers; and the types of information systems which will have the greatest impact on agricultural production. Included with this paper are two others, which, respectively, discuss cooperatives in Thailand and present a framework for structural analysis of Thai communities and agricultural cooperatives.