MOROCCO ENERGY STUDY

energy specialists assisted the Government of Morocco (GOM) in defining energy policies to further economic development and reduce Moroccan dependence on foreign oil. This report presents the team"s findings and the conclusions drawn therefrom. Three areas were reviewed: shale oil development, with emphasis on in situ retorting; hydroelectric producion; and nonconventional energy sources. Oil shale represents Morocco"s largest potential indigenous energy source. Its development is essential if imported fuels, which currently cover 80% of the nation"s needs, are to be reduced over the long term. Confirmed resources within the Atlas mountains have the potential for delivering up to 22 million barrels of oil annually, the national consumption level in 1976. However, such problems as the ultimate use of the oil, the disposal of ash, provisions for water, and the reduction of sulphur content, have not been addressed. Recommendations focus on the need for a comparative analysis of alternative exploitation methods and for in situ field tests. Studies on hydroelectric power conclude that decentralization may be more economical than major project initiatives, such as at Tarfaya, where costs are estimated to be five times greater than the present national average. Systems studies for improved use of existing plants and for devising more economical uses of salt are recommended. In the area of nonconventional energy, the team endorses the GOM"s proposed solar center and recommends increased training and planning development to clarify organizational structure and objectives. Along with biomass studies, the establishment of projects in a decentralized pattern is also suggested. To insure that future GOM energy investments do not detract from those in other sectors, energy development on a regional rather than national level is advocated. The report concludes with recommendations for A.I.D. assistance to the GOM in areas of renewable energy sources and oil shale development which would reduce the need for nuclear development. A bibliography of French-langauge resource materials (1972-78) is appended.