National AIDS programmes : a guide to monitoring and evaluation

After describing the main features of a sound M&E system, the guide proposes indicators, based on existing standards and experience, for key areas of HIV prevention, AIDS care, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) control programs, specifically for the areas of policy and political commitment; condom availability and quality; stigma and discrimination; knowledge about transmission of HIV; voluntary counseling and testing services; mother-to- child transmission; sexual negotiation and attitudes; sexual behavior; sexual behavior among young people; injecting drug use; blood safety; STI care and prevention; care and support for the HIV-infected and their families; and epidemic impact in terms of the prevalence of HIV, STIs, mortality, and orphanhood. The guide is accompanied by a number of data collection instruments and guidelines needed to construct the proposed indicators. These instruments are based on existing materials from a variety of sources and cover different areas of AIDS programs: sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior; program context, input, and output; service provision; and health status. They include various types of data collection instruments, e.g., population surveys and health facility assessments. Some have been in existence for many years and have been widely tested, others are relatively new, and a few are still being tested. The latest versions of these instruments are available on the Internet at: www.cpc.unc.edu/measure and www.unaids.org.