Periodic abstinence in developing countries : update and policy options

This paper aims to help policymakers decide whether and/or how to promote these methods by providing information on their efficacy and prevalence. The various periodic abstinence methods - calendar rhythm, cervical mucus, basal body temperatures, and sympto-thermal - are examined, followed by a general discussion of program options and policy considerations. Several questions are addressed concerning the safety and difficulty of practicing periodic abstinence and its effects on male-female relationships. Tables and figures are used to present demographic data on users of periodic abstinence methods and results of surveys to determine their effectiveness. Countries surveyed include Sri Lanka, South Korea, Peru, Mexico, the Philippines, and Brazil. An appendix reviews periodic abstinence programs in eight countries - Mauritius, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, India, Kenya, Peru, Mexico, and South Korea - as a way of examining family planning practices and services in the context of national religious, demographic, and geographic characteristics. A select list of NFP agencies and organizations worldwide is included.