Small-scale fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines : occupational and geographic mobility

In this report existing patterns and future potential for occupational and geographic mobility among small-scale fishermen of San Miguel Bay, Philippines are examined to determine whether mobility has or is likely to reduce surplus fishing labor or improve the productivity and income of the fishermen who remain. Existing alternatives to fishing within the local economy are examined and found to offer only limited potential for absorbing fisheries labor. A 1982 survey found a high degree of willingness to change both occupation and residence on the part of all fishermen. Examination of census data at the community (barangay) level for the years 1939-80 indicates substantial net outmigration from the Bay area. Nonetheless, in absolute terms, the number of fishermen has increased during this period, putting heavy pressure on the Bay"s marine resources. Of equal significance, the trawlers which began operating within the Bay during the 1970"s accounted for 47% of the total catch in 1980 while employing only 10% of the Bay"s fishermen. Competition between small-scale fishermen and trawler operators is discussed. The appropriateness of displacing small-scale fishermen from their traditional fishing grounds is questioned, especially where alternative employment opportunities are limited, as in the Bay area. It is concluded that, while over the long term the encouragement of economic alternatives to fishing is essential, in the short term efforts to improve conditions among small-scale fishermen might more effectively be based on better enforcement of regulations limiting competition between small-scale fishermen and trawlers. (Author abstract, modified)