RTI INTERNATIONAL
The North East Zone of Nigeria is characterized by a high level of poverty and limited access to quality education.
2016 · 15 pages

Abstract
The region's educational landscape is marked by a significant burden on households to cover the costs of schooling. Per pupil household expenditures on education in the North East Zone, 2015, reveal a complex picture of financial strain on families. Per pupil household expenditures on education in 2015 averaged N 12, 111. This amount represents a substantial financial burden on households, particularly in a region where poverty rates are high. The total expenditures on education in 2015 were N 1, 444, 111, 111, indicating a significant outlay of resources by households to ensure their children's education. Per pupil household expenditures on education varied significantly by state, with some states recording higher expenditures than others. The distribution of per pupil household expenditures on education by school type in 2015 highlights the disparity in costs associated with different types of schools. For instance, households with children attending private schools incurred significantly higher expenditures than those with children in public schools. The most commonly cited expenditures by school type in 2015 included tuition fees, school uniforms, and examination fees. Per pupil household expenditures on these items were highest for private schools, followed by public schools and then Islamic schools. Per pupil household expenditures on education also varied significantly by wealth quintile in 2015. Households in the highest wealth quintile incurred significantly lower expenditures on education compared to those in the lower wealth quintiles. This disparity highlights the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities for education in the North East Zone. Per pupil household expenditures on education by residence in 2015 also revealed significant variations, with households in urban areas incurring higher expenditures than those in rural areas. Item-specific expenditures on education in 2015 provide further insight into the financial burden on households. The most commonly cited expenditures included tuition fees, school uniforms, and examination fees. These expenditures were highest for private schools, followed by public schools and then Islamic schools. Per pupil household expenditures on these items were significantly higher in 2015 compared to previous years, indicating a growing financial strain on households.
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