Country study of Venezuela

After a description of the country"s geography, natural resources, demography, economy, and governmental structure, historical patterns of development are analyzed and their accompanying environmental problems noted. Principles underlying environmental policies as well as strategies for implementing them are then detailed. Next, the legal/institutional framework of environmental policy is described, and responsibilities of the Ministry of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources and other public agencies are outlined. The environmental planning process is explained; sectoral policies and plans for forests, water, noise, and the Caracas urban area are highlighted. The report"s conclusions stress that while Venezuela has been a pioneer in establishing comprehensive environmental policies, its numerous and often competing public agencies have not effectively enforced those policies. Appendices include a 4-page bibliography (1972-80) of Venezuelan sources and lists of recent legislation, reserved areas, and pertinent international agreements.