ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS

ACTIVITIES WILL BE CONDUCTED IN TWO PHASES, PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS AND SPECIFIC CASE STUDIES. PHASE ONE WILL ENTAIL A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF AVAILABLE DATA, SELECTION OF THE BEST INDUSTRIES FOR CARRYING OUT CASE STUDIES, DESIGN OF THE FORMAT AND LEVEL OF DETAIL FOR PRESENTING THE COST/BENEFIT DATA, INITIAL CONTACTS WITH OTHER DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS AND US TECHNICAL AGENCIES TO WORK OUT COOPERATIVE ARRANGEMENTS, AND DETERMINATION OF HOW THE METHODOLOGY WILL BE DESIGNED, TESTED, AND EVALUATED. DURING PHASE TWO, THE CONTRACTOR WILL CONDUCT IN-DEPTH CASE STUDIES OF THE FERTILIZER, IRON, AND STEEL INDUSTRIES, IDENTIFYING; (1) POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE VARIOUS TYPES OF PLANT OPERATIONS; (2) TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS AVAILABLE TO PREVENT OR MITIGATE THE PROBLEMS; AND (3) COSTS AND BENEFITS OF INCORPORATING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE VARIOUS LEVELS OF POLLUTION CONTROL (FROM 0 TO 100 PERCENT CONTROL). INFORMATION WILL BE BASED ON THE CONTRACTOR"S EXPERIENCE WITH INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS OF THESE TYPES IN THE US AND LDC"S; AN EXAMINATION OF DATA AVAILABLE FROM THE FILES OF SUCH DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES AS AID AND WORLD BANK,AND US RESOURCE AGENCIES INCLUDING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AND DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE; AND A REVIEW OF THE OPEN LITERATURE. AN ATTEMPT WILL BE MADE TO ABSTRACT AND SUMMARIZE INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PLANTS IN THE US AND ABROAD FOR PRESENTATION AS APPENDICES TO THE FINAL HANDBOOK TO PROVIDE "REAL WORLD" EXAMPLES. SEVERAL LDC INSTITUTIONS WILL BE ENGAGED UNDER SUBCONTRACT TO APPLY THE HANDBOOK TO INDIGENOUS INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS AND THEN TO EVALUATE THE RESULTS.