Effect of media and trickle irrigation/fertilizer regime on the growth of chrysanthemum morifolium ramat
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Factors limiting growth in gravel culture are oxygen, nutrients and water.
Stern, J. H. · 1970

Abstract
These factors are dependent on gravel diameter, nutrient solution composition, and irrigation frequency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size and trickle irrigation frequency on growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat irrigated with complete nutrient solution. Plant height, fresh weight, and flower diameter were used to evaluate the effects of irrigation on media. Media used were: coarse incinerated anthracite refuse (IAR), fine IAR, and soil from the B horizon of Gatesburg sand (Entic Haplorthod, sandy, siliceous, mesic). Irrigation frequencies were: (1) once per day, (2) four times per day at 4-hour intervals, and (3) constantly during the 13 light hours. Fine IAR irrigated constantly or every 4-hours produced significantly greater height, fresh weight and flower diameter than other treatments, while Gatesburg sand irrigated daily resulted in less growth than all other treatments.
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