Final evaluation : emergency program -- health and jobs for displaced persons

Evaluation covers the period from 1982-93. The project evolved during its eleven-year history in response to the unpredictable course of the conflict in El Salvador, changing circumstances of the displaced, and periodic evaluation. Initially, the project focused on emergency relief through the provision of temporary employment, immunization and oral rehydration salts, curative health services, and food distribution. Beginning about 1987 the project emphasized reintegration and graduation through assistance for relocation and resettlement. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The project successfully provided a safety net for many of the displaced when the Salvadoran government could not and helped to settle or relocate in rural areas many who otherwise would have migrated to overcrowded urban centers. (2) The project adjusted and responded well to changing circumstances through timely use of evaluations and flexible management. The following lessons were learned. (1) Adjustable project design and rapid response capacity are critical ingredients for a displaced persons program. (2) A too proactive donor role may lead to the host government making less effort to support the program. (3) Graduation from relief support should occur as early as possible in accordance with a specific plan and criteria. (4) Coordination is often lacking and needs attention in emergency programs to stretch resources and avoid duplication. (5) If availability of implementing institutions is limited in a civil conflict context, strengthening support for inexperienced institutions may be needed. The evaluation team recommended no further special programs for the displaced. Safety net objectives have been met, most displaced have reintegrated, and remaining needs can and should be met within the context of national welfare and other development programs. (Author abstract)