International transfer and acquisition of technology : documentary review

This review critically examines current literature on technology transfer. Technology transfer is first viewed historically and from the perspective of developing countries. Commercial technology transfer is then discussed, with reference to the role of multinational corporations, the appropriability theory (which explains efforts to protect sophisticated technologies from being stolen), induced innovation, the product cycle (from custom-made to standardized), technology acquisition, appropriate technology, and developing country technology transfer policies. Next, pertinent trends from development literature on health, construction and building materials, PVO"s, agriculture, and A.I.D. evaluations are discussed. Finally, the technology transfer components of selected A.I.D. projects, policy statements, and evaluation documents are assessed. It is noted that A.I.D."s policy guidance has been weak in regard to the substance of PVO work, selection of participants for U.S. training, and the relationship between donor agencies and intermediate technology delivery institutions. A 328-item bibliography (1962-1982) is appended.