International transfer and acquisition of technology : final report

In this study, a number of policy-relevant hypotheses concerning the technology transfer process are examined in the light of case studies. Three principal themes emerge: the systemic nature of the transfer process; the importance of human factors (e.g., interpersonal relations and managerial skill); and the effect of government policy on the process. With regard to the latter, protectionist policies have hindered transfer, while policies encouraging indigenous entrepreneurs have been successful. The analysis shows that only a small part of the technology acquisition process is concerned with technological issues; other factors requiring attention include inputs by R&D and financial institutions, transportation and communication systems, legal and policy factors, behavioral patterns and customs, organizational factors, and market conditions. Several recommendations are made for A.I.D., among them: more management training for entrepreneurs and assistance with technology choice; support for R&D institutions; cooperation with multinational corporations; sensitivity to public interest groups; and most importantly, a flexible, noninterventionist approach that focuses on goals rather than procedures.