The Challenges of Sustaining Open Defecation Free (ODF) Communities in Rural Ghana
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In 2019, USAID’s Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Partnerships and Learning for Sustainability (WASHPaLS) project surveyed all households in 109 ODF-certified communities in the northern districts of Tatale and Kpandai in Ghana—5,615 households total.
2021

Abstract
These communities were certified ODF 3-32 months prior to the survey, following a joint community-led total sanitation intervention by the Government of Ghana and UNICEF. Findings from this survey provide a comprehensive picture of the challenges to sustaining ODF status in Northern Ghana. A technical brief and a policy brief were developed as a result of the findings.
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