2022 Philippines Demographic and Health Survey – Summary Report

The Commission on Population and Development (POPCOM) partially supported the provision of handheld tablets for data collection. ICF provided technical assistance through The DHS Program, which is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). A nationally representative sample of 27,821 women age 15-49 in 30,372 households were interviewed, representing a response rate of 98%. Fieldwork began on May 2, 2022, and data collection activities were completed on June 22, 2022. The sample design provides estimates at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the Philippines's 17 administrative regions. Households in the Philippines have an average of 4.2 members, with women heading 1 in 4 Filipino households. Twenty-eight percent of the household population in the Philippines is under age 15. The majority of households have access to electricity, with 95% of the household population having electricity, including 98% in urban areas and 91% in rural areas. The use of clean fuels and technologies for cooking is more than twice as high in urban areas (78%) than rural areas (36%). Clean fuels and technologies for space heating are more commonly used in urban areas than rural areas (58% compared to 36%). Nearly all of the household population uses clean fuels and technologies for lighting, including electricity, solar lanterns, rechargeable flashlights/torches/lanterns, battery-powered flashlights/torches/lanterns, and biogas lamps. Forty-eight percent of households own a motorcycle or tricycle, 25% of households own a bicycle or scooter, and 12% of households own a car, jeep, or van. One-third of households own farm animals, while 15% own agricultural land. Overall, 92% of Filipino households own a mobile phone, 74% own a television, 47% own a radio, and 30% own a computer. ICT ownership is generally higher in urban areas, except for radios, which are equally common in urban and rural areas. Six in ten women age 15-49 watch television at least once a week, while 23% listen to the radio at least once a week. Even fewer women read the newspaper weekly. One-third of women access none of these three media at least once a week. Eighty-two percent of women in the Philippines used the internet in the last 12 months. In the Philippines, 1% of women age 15-49 have no education, while 37% of women have postsecondary or college education. Overall, 99% of women are literate. The majority of households have access to at least basic drinking water service, with 97% of the household population having access to at least basic drinking water service. At least basic drinking water service includes drinking water from an improved source, either on the premises or with a round-trip collection time of less than 30 minutes. Overall, 83% of the household population has at least basic sanitation service, meaning they have access to improved facilities that are not shared with other households or have safely managed sanitation service where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or transported and treated off-site. Basic sanitation service is more common in urban areas (84%) than in rural areas (81%). By region, basic sanitation services range from a low of 55% of the population in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) to a high of 92% in CALABARZON. In the Philippines, 95% of the population has access to a basic handwashing facility with soap and water, including 96% of people in urban areas and 94% of people in rural areas. By region, access to basic handwashing is lowest in BARMM (81%) and highest in Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) (99%). Ninety-four percent of women age 15-49 with a menstrual period in the year before the survey used disposable sanitary pads to collect or absorb blood, 4% used cloth, 3% used reusable sanitary pads, 3% used underwear only, and less than 1% used nothing. The total fertility rate in the Philippines has declined steadily, from 4.1 children per woman in 1993 to 1.9 children per woman in 2022. On average, rural women have more children than urban women (2.2 children versus 1.7 children). By region, the total fertility rate ranges from a low of 1.2 children per woman in the National Capital Region (NCR) to a high of 3.1 children per woman in BARMM. Fertility in the Philippines generally declines with increasing household wealth, from 3.1 children per woman in the poorest households to 1.