Final evaluation of the USAID Morocco locust control project (no. 608-0196)

The project succeeded in protecting Moroccan crops and livestock from desert locusts without serious harm to human health or the environment. Some 4.8 million ha were treated against locust adults and hoppers, using aerial and ground methods, in three campaigns. The GOM's aerial spraying capacity was significantly enhanced, especially through USAID-provided DC-7's. Also, although not fully tested due to the cessation of locust invasions, a functional, comprehensive national organization was developed with more than adequate capacity to deploy personnel and equipment quickly to repel locust swarms. The project has thus left the GOM well positioned with respect to locust surveys and treatment (although some technical adjustments in pesticide and equipment use are suggested). Moreover, USAID made significant contributions to human safety through the provision of protective clothing, cholinesterase test kits, and training in testing. Important lessons include the following. (1) Successful monitoring and control of desert locusts requires a regional approach and cooperation among all concerned countries. Currently, the GOM is cooperating with Mauritania in surveying locust breeding zones. (2) The national organization that was developed specifically for locust control proved functional and could serve as a model for similar programs. (3) With regard to the procurement of pesticides for similar programs, and given the potential harmful impact of unused pesticide stocks, as well the costs of their storage and disposal, quantities should be ordered on an as needed basis, and the procurement of surplus or emergency stock should be avoided. A detailed pesticide management plan must be a part of any future projects in which pesticides are provided. (4) Although spraying with large aircraft is sometimes considered as posing too great a risk to the environment and human health, given their much larger treatment capacity, the use of large aircraft in large unpopulated and non-agricultural areas is effective and should be considered for future operations. (5) The provision of cholinesterase kits and training in their use should become integral components of future desert locust control programs. (6) Accurate per ha cost of the locust control campaign is very difficult to calculate, $19-$20 per ha being a rough estimate.