Glossary of Gender Terms and Concepts

This involves valuing males and females equally for their similarities and differences and the diverse roles they play. Equality signifies the long-term outcomes that result from gender equity strategies and processes. Equity strategies refer to the processes used to achieve gender equality. Equity involves fairness in representation, participation, and benefits afforded to males and females. The goal is that both groups have a fair chance of having their needs met and that they have equal access to opportunities for realizing their full potential as human beings. Gender is a set of qualities and behaviors expected from males and females by society. Gender roles are socially determined and can be affected by factors such as education or economics. Gender roles may vary widely within and between cultures, and often evolve over time. These roles are shaped by socio-cultural ideas about gender and the power relationships that define them. Gender dynamics refer to the relationships and interactions between and among boys, girls, women, and men. Depending upon how they are manifested, gender dynamics can reinforce or challenge existing norms. Parity in education, which refers to equivalent percentages of males and females in an education system, is essential but not sufficient for achieving gender equality. Sex refers to the biological differences between males and females. Sex differences are related to males' and females' physiology and generally remain constant across cultures and over time. Understanding the distinction between sex and gender is crucial for addressing the complex issues surrounding equality and equity.