PL-480 Title I case study : Pakistan

480 food aid programs. Key lessons learned from the Title I program in Pakistan are: (1) USAID technical offices should participate in policy dialogue; (2) P.L. 480 should be integrated where possible with other forms of U.S. assistance; (3) a low profile in policy dialogue can work; (4) continuity in self-help measures is important, and simplicity and a sharp focus on self-help conditions are very important; (5) opportunities to develop clear multi-year programs should be used; (6) reporting requirements for self-help measures should be straightforward and appropriate guidance should be provided; (7) large amounts of local currency can cause programming problems, especially for the host government; and (8) local currency programming is effective when it conforms substantially to the host government budget cycle, adapts to procedures used by the host government, and, in general, permits the local currency to be managed as simply as possible.