PL-480 Title I case study : Zambia

480 food aid programs. The following lessons have been learned in Zambia"s Title I program. (1) Program management is generally facilitated when Title I activities complement a Mission"s overall development objectives. Also, projects can be used to support SHM policy reform initiatives. (2) Identification of SHM"s can be strengthened by appointing a committee and/or by regularly employing the same direct hire or consultant personnel for this task. (3) SHM negotations with the host government (HG) can be facilitated by informal advance discussions and by later mixing informal and formal negotiating approaches. (4) SHM"s should include specific benchmarks and deadlines. Implementation and monitoring considerations such as these should be part of the policy and program dialogues. (5) A strong, continuing U.S. commitment to major policy reforms can produce successful results. Continuity of SHM"s is also important for policy reform. (6) Very large amounts of LC which require A.I.D. approval for their use can introduce a serious, possibly destabilizing, uncertainty in the HG budgetary process. It is probably desirable to decide how much LC can usefully be programmed jointly and to place this amount in a special account for a few specific development purposes.