Supply Chain Management E-Newsletter, Quarter 1, 2009

The process involves assigning a unique code to each product, which is then read by a scanner to retrieve information from a database. There are two primary categories of bar codes: one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D). 1D bar codes, such as the Universal Product Code (UPC), are commonly used in retail settings, while 2D bar codes, such as UPS's MaxiCode, can store more data but require specialized scanners. The choice of bar code symbology depends on the specific application and the level of data storage required. Companies may impose standardized compliance labels to ensure that all partners can read the information, or they may use bar coding for internal inventory management and choose their own symbology. A non-profit organization called GS1 is working to standardize the use of bar codes internationally, aiming to improve efficiency and visibility in supply chains. Bar code scanners come in various forms, including handheld and fixed-position devices. Handheld scanners are more practical for warehouse use, especially with "hands-free" stands that allow workers to use both hands. Fixed-position scanners are useful in settings where products are moved in front of a scanner, such as in grocery stores. Portable computers are also used in warehouses to scan bar codes and collect data. These devices can be connected to a computer via batch terminals or use radio frequency (RF) terminals to send live data to the host system or network. Handheld devices, including keyboard-wedge scanners, can be useful for cycle counting but have drawbacks, such as limiting worker mobility. Vehicle-mounted systems have larger screens and keypads, making them more suitable for integration with existing programs. Wearable systems, which strap to the wrist or forearm, provide greater mobility and are gaining popularity. Some wearable systems come with voice technology, which consists of a headset with a microphone and a wearable computer. Voice technology has been shown to increase efficiency and decrease accidents by allowing workers to focus on their tasks without looking at a computer screen. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is another ADC technology that involves attaching devices to objects that transmit data to an RFID receiver. RFID has several advantages, including the ability to store a large amount of data, read tags through other materials, and withstand harsh conditions. However, RFID has some drawbacks, including its high cost, which can be a significant burden when adding tags to individual products or shipments. Pick-to-light systems use a combination of bar codes and light signals to guide workers to specific products in a warehouse. This technology can improve efficiency by reducing the time spent searching for products and minimizing errors. Other ADC technologies, such as voice-directed and speech recognition systems, also offer advantages, including greater mobility and increased efficiency.