Developmental Delay: What You Need to Know

These milestones include physical, cognitive, and emotional skills that are typically achieved at specific ages. By 2 months old, most babies are able to briefly calm themselves by bringing their hands to their mouth, look at their parent and smile, and pay attention to the faces of people. They also begin to follow objects with their eyes and may act bored if activity does not change. Additionally, babies at this age can hold their head up and begin to push up when on their tummy. However, if a baby does not exhibit these skills by 2 months old, it may indicate a developmental delay. Signs of potential delay at this age include not responding to loud sounds, not watching things as they move, not bringing hands to their mouth, and appearing not to hear when people speak to them. Babies who do not smile at people or hold their head up when pushing up on their tummy may also be at risk for developmental delay. By 6 months old, most babies are able to know familiar faces and begin to know if someone is a stranger. They also like to play with others, especially parents and regular caregivers, and respond to other people's emotions. Additionally, babies at this age like to look at themselves in a mirror, respond to sounds by making sounds, and make sounds to show joy and displeasure. They also begin to say consonant sounds and respond to their own name. However, if a baby does not exhibit these skills by 6 months old, it may indicate a developmental delay. Signs of potential delay at this age include showing no affection for caregivers, not responding to sounds, not making vowel sounds, and not trying to touch things that are in reach. Babies who do not roll over in either direction, do not laugh or make squealing sounds, or seem very stiff or very floppy may also be at risk for developmental delay. Early diagnosis and intervention are key in addressing developmental delays. Health care providers will use measures such as height, weight, and the size of the baby's head to understand how well the baby is doing. If a baby is not developing typically, the health care provider may refer the baby to additional professionals, such as early intervention therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and physiotherapists, for further evaluations and treatment. Parents can also play an important role in helping their baby develop by engaging in simple activities at home, such as looking their baby in the eyes and smiling, pointing out new things and naming them, and reading books with simple pictures. Singing to their baby and using their hands and the baby's hands to do actions to songs and nursery rhymes can also be beneficial. Encouraging their baby to move by putting toys or things around them that are safe for them can also help with development. It is essential for parents to communicate with their health care provider if they have concerns about their baby's development. The earlier the diagnosis and intervention occur, the better the chances of improvement. While some conditions may not be curable, it is still possible and important for the baby to have every opportunity to live a happy, healthy, and comfortable life.