PMI VectorLink Nigeria Year 1 Entomology Final Report (August through September 2018)

President's Malaria Initiative VectorLink Nigeria Final Entomology Report covers the period from April to September 2018. The report focuses on the entomological aspects of malaria transmission in Nigeria, with a primary objective of monitoring vector populations and assessing the efficacy of insecticides. The study sites and collection methods are described in detail, including the use of CDC Light Traps and Pyrethrum Spray Catches. The report also outlines the identification of malaria vectors, determination of parity rates, and PCR identification of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Plasmodium sporozoite assays were conducted to assess the presence of malaria parasites in mosquitoes. The results section presents data on mosquito abundance and species composition, PCR identification of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex, and sporozoite rates. Human biting rates across sites are also reported, as well as monthly indoor resting density (IRD) of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and entomological inoculation rates across sites. The report also presents data on human blood index, insecticide susceptibility, and mechanisms of resistance. The data indicate that Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the primary vector species across all sites, with a high proportion of mosquitoes collected indoors. The sporozoite positivity rates were relatively low, ranging from 0.5% to 2.5% across sites. The human biting rates were highest in the evening and early morning hours, with a peak biting rate of 0.5 bites per person per night. The report also presents data on insecticide resistance, including the results of WHO tube tests and CDC bottle bioassays. The data indicate that Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations are resistant to pyrethroids, with a high frequency of kdr genes detected in deltamethrin-resistant mosquitoes. The discussion and conclusion section summarizes the key findings of the report, highlighting the importance of continued vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring. The report emphasizes the need for integrated vector management strategies that take into account the complex interactions between vector populations, insecticide use, and environmental factors. The report includes several annexes that provide additional data and information, including GPS coordinates of larval collection sites and health facilities, Anopheles caught by species, method, and site, and PCR identification of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex. The bibliography lists the sources cited in the report. Overall, the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative VectorLink Nigeria Final Entomology Report provides valuable insights into the entomological aspects of malaria transmission in Nigeria, highlighting the need for continued vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring to inform effective malaria control strategies.