Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis of 2D-MXene Nanohybrids with Gd3+- and Sn4+-Codoped Bismuth Ferrite

The 2D MXene sheets possess a large surface area, which, when incorporated into BGFSO nanoparticles, facilitates electron flow, resulting in a large recombination time and enhanced dye degradation. The BGFO-20Sn/MXene nanohybrid exhibits 100% degradation of Congo dye from the catalytic solution in 120 minutes, demonstrating high efficiency for industrial application. This is attributed to the synergistic effect between the 2D MXene sheets and the Gd3+- and Sn4+-codoped BFO nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the BGFO-20Sn/MXene nanohybrid is studied under visible light irradiation, and the results show a significant improvement in dye degradation compared to pure BFO nanoparticles. The 2D MXene sheets provide a large surface area, narrow band gap, and conductive pathways for charge carriers, resulting in a decrease in electron-hole recombination and enhanced photocatalytic activity. The Gd3+- and Sn4+-codoped BFO nanoparticles play a crucial role in photocatalytic activity due to their mesoporous nature, direct-band-gap semiconductor nature, low band gap, visible-light-active nature, large generation of charge carriers, and long electron-hole recombination time. The combination of these properties makes the BGFO-20Sn/MXene nanohybrid an excellent photocatalyst under visible light. The synthesis of the BGFO-20Sn/MXene nanohybrid involves the coprecipitation method, where the Gd3+- and Sn4+-codoped BFO nanoparticles are mixed with 2D MXene sheets. The resulting nanohybrid exhibits high photocatalytic activity, with 100% degradation of Congo dye in 120 minutes. This is attributed to the synergistic effect between the 2D MXene sheets and the Gd3+- and Sn4+-codoped BFO nanoparticles. The BGFO-20Sn/MXene nanohybrid has a large surface area, narrow band gap, and conductive pathways for charge carriers, resulting in a decrease in electron-hole recombination and enhanced photocatalytic activity. The Gd3+- and Sn4+-codoped BFO nanoparticles play a crucial role in photocatalytic activity due to their mesoporous nature, direct-band-gap semiconductor nature, low band gap, visible-light-active nature, large generation of charge carriers, and long electron-hole recombination time. The BGFO-20Sn/MXene nanohybrid is a promising candidate for photocatalysis application due to its high photocatalytic activity, large surface area, and narrow band gap. The combination of these properties makes it an excellent photocatalyst under visible light, with potential applications in water purification and environmental remediation.