Estudio comparativo de las diferentes leyes de cambio climático en México

Asesores Integrales S.C. under the supervision of Tetra Tech ES Inc. in the framework of the Mexico Low Emissions Development Program (MLED), sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The study aimed to compare and analyze the different laws and regulations related to climate change in Mexico. The study found that since the entry into force of the Ley Estatal de Mitigación y Adaptación ante los Efectos del Cambio Climático de Veracruz in 2010, at least 21 laws and regulations on climate change or specific regulations within existing environmental legislation have been enacted in Mexico. The study concluded that the regulation of climate change should be included within existing environmental legislation to maintain its integrity, while developing more precise instruments. The study also recommended that the definition of priority areas between adaptation and mitigation should reflect that adaptation is a priority, considering Mexico's vulnerability to climate change and the international attention focused on adaptation in countries with greater vulnerability. Additionally, the study suggested that the creation of commissions, systems, and organs for coordination, evaluation, and participation in climate change policies is essential. In terms of instruments of coordination, the study recommended the creation of intersecretarial commissions and systems of climate change for coordination with other levels of government. The study also suggested that the legislation of the entities should include modalities for general and special planning, as well as the separation of functions for design, implementation, and evaluation of policies. Regarding instruments for adaptation, the study recommended the inclusion of effective and efficient instruments, such as the system for the prevention of extreme meteorological phenomena and the recognition of the importance of considering the principles and instruments of climate change in authorizations, concessions, and permits. For mitigation instruments, the study recommended that the goals be set within the corresponding planning instruments, and that the integration of inventories be regulated in accordance with the criteria and indicators established by the competent federal authorities. In terms of economic instruments, the study recommended the inclusion of specific destinations for resources collected from activities related to climate change in the fiscal legislation. The study also suggested that the information on greenhouse gases to be reported be integrated into a section of the records of emissions and transfer of pollutants. The study concluded that the regulation of climate change in Mexico should be developed in a way that takes into account the country's vulnerability and the international attention focused on adaptation, and that the creation of instruments and organs for coordination, evaluation, and participation is essential for effective climate change policies.