Las Víctimas en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo: una propuesta frente al desafío de garantizar sus derechos

According to the Registro Único de Víctimas (RUV), created by Law 1448 of 2011 and administered by the Unidad Administrativa de Atención y Reparación a Víctimas (UARIV), approximately 8.731.100 people have been recognized by the State as victims of various violations, including homicides, tortures, sexual abuses, kidnappings, disappearances, and forced displacements. Of this total, more than 96% are recognized as victims of the armed conflict, with nearly 90% being victims of forced displacement. The phenomenon of forced displacement in Colombia is considered a structural humanitarian crisis, affecting a significant sector of the population and causing a grave phenomenon of uprooting that separates victims from their social, economic, and cultural-historical networks, forcing them to adapt to new circumstances, particularly in the peripheries of large cities, where they must compete for scarce employment opportunities and share precarious economic conditions. The Colombian Constitutional Court has led a profound process of demanding fundamental rights for victims, establishing a special constitutional protection framework that began with the evaluation of the public policy for attention to displaced populations (Law 387 of 1997) and extends to the demand for public policies that go beyond mere assistance or attention, encompassing the fulfillment of the State's international obligations in socio-economic stabilization and the guarantee of the rights to truth, justice, and reparations for victims. In the context of the declaration of a State of Constitutional Inconstitucionalidad (ECI) in the matter, through Sentence T-025 of 2004, the Constitutional Court has established a series of constitutional sub-rules of obligatory compliance for the three branches of public power, from the perspective according to which the indicator of compliance with public policy must be the effective enjoyment of constitutional rights (GED) by victims. According to these sub-rules, victims have the following juridico-constitutional attributes or characteristics: The victims in Colombia have the right to truth, justice, and reparations, which are essential for their reparation and social reintegration. The State has the obligation to provide reparations to victims, which includes compensation, restitution, and satisfaction. The victims also have the right to participate in the design and implementation of public policies that affect them. The Colombian government has recognized the importance of addressing the rights of victims and has included the theme of victims in the "Pacto por Colombia" (PND), a new national development plan that aims to consolidate a modern and peaceful country. The PND includes a component called "La Paz que nos une" (The Peace that Unites Us), which focuses on the theme of victims, the development of instruments and tools to achieve peace, and elements for greater coordination and efficiency in achieving stability. The government has committed to prioritizing the attention, integral repair, and effective enjoyment of fundamental rights of the population victim of violations of human rights that occurred in the context of the armed conflict and socio-political violence. Closing the gaps generated by the conflict is essential to leave behind polarization and reduce inequality. The path forward is to close the cycle of armed conflict suffered by the country over the past 50 years and advance towards a stable and lasting peace. The victims in Colombia face significant challenges in accessing their rights, including the right to truth, justice, and reparations. The State has the obligation to provide reparations to victims, which includes compensation, restitution, and satisfaction. The victims also have the right to participate in the design and implementation of public policies that affect them. The Colombian government has recognized the importance of addressing the rights of victims and has included the theme of victims in the "Pacto por Colombia" (