National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), India, 2019-21: Madhya Pradesh

The state has a literacy rate of 69.3%, with 77.1% of males and 61.3% of females able to read and write. The average household size is 4.8 members, with 2.5 children per household. The state has a high fertility rate, with a total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.8 children per woman. The TFR has declined from 3.3 in 2005-06 to 2.8 in 2019-21. The fertility rate is higher in rural areas (3.1) compared to urban areas (2.2). The mean age at marriage for women is 18.4 years, while for men it is 22.4 years. The use of modern contraceptive methods is low in Madhya Pradesh, with 48.1% of currently married women using any method. The most commonly used methods are the pill (14.1%), condoms (12.1%), and injectables (10.3%). The unmet need for family planning is 22.1%, with 14.1% of women desiring no more children but not using any method. The infant mortality rate (IMR) in Madhya Pradesh is 43 deaths per 1,000 live births, while the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is 54 deaths per 1,000 live births. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is 220 deaths per 100,000 live births. The state has made progress in reducing child mortality, with a decline in IMR from 63 in 2005-06 to 43 in 2019-21. The state has a high prevalence of anaemia among women, with 59.4% of women aged 15-49 years suffering from anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia is higher in rural areas (61.1%) compared to urban areas (46.1%). The state also has a high prevalence of disability, with 6.3% of the population suffering from some form of disability. The state has made progress in increasing access to education, with 77.1% of children aged 5-14 years attending school. However, the dropout rate is high, with 23.1% of children dropping out of school. The state also has a high prevalence of out-of-school children, with 12.1% of children aged 5-14 years not attending school. The state has a high prevalence of domestic violence, with 31.4% of women aged 15-49 years experiencing physical violence in the past 12 months. The prevalence of domestic violence is higher in rural areas (34.1%) compared to urban areas (24.1%). The state also has a high prevalence of women-headed households, with 22.1% of households headed by women.