Step by Step Guide to Documenting Innovations

The country has been at the forefront of countries that have successfully reduced the prevalence of the disease. This has been achieved through a collaboration of government, donors, international organizations, local and international NGOs. Cambodia has embraced successful peer-led approaches and directly involved beneficiaries in planning, developing, and delivering services. The epidemic in Cambodia was fueled by a booming sex industry and peaked at 2% prevalence in 1998, dropping back down to 0.6% by 2013. The country is now considered to have transitioned to a concentrated epidemic, with most at-risk populations being injecting drug users, entertainment workers, MSM, and transgender individuals. HIV prevalence among entertainment workers peaked at 45% in 1998, before dropping to around 14% in 2006. A national '100% Condom Use Policy' was introduced in 1999, although this is impacted by lower condom use with boyfriends and high levels of sexual violence. A study published in 2011 reported that abortion rates among entertainment workers were around 28% per year, with around 42% being unsafe abortions. In 2012, Cambodia's national HIV program began to formally distinguish between MSM and transgender individuals, the next two highest risk groups in the country. Young people are relatively low risk for HIV, but the UNICEF Most At Risk Young People's Survey found that among at-risk young men in high-risk locations, 83% had paid for sex in the previous three months. Among sexually active at-risk young women, 32% had never received a condom, and 37% had not received HIV/AIDS information in the past three months. Significant gains have been made in improving access to PMTCT, with an estimated 1,461 HIV-infected women becoming pregnant in 2011, exposing their infants to HIV, and 172 infants being estimated to be vertically infected. However, by 2013, this had changed, with 554 HIV-positive women delivering a child in a medical facility, most of whom received ART, resulting in just 19 infants being confirmed as HIV+. Around 58% of pregnant women knew their HIV status before accessing ANC services. These statistics demonstrate sustained progress in reducing the burden of disease in Cambodia. Capturing innovations in Cambodia involves collecting enough detail to write up an innovation. This can be done using Steps 1-5, which collect information from various sources, such as annual plans, annual reports, evaluations, and broader prevalence studies. Where outcome and impact data have not yet been collected, anecdotal evidence from case studies may be used. The Background Notes Template in Annex A is intended to act as a set of draft notes to help the writer ensure they have thought about all the key pieces of information necessary for writing up an innovation. Innovation has been defined in many ways, with the Oxford English Dictionary defining it as "A new method, idea, product (etc.)". Normally, innovation involves taking an existing idea, product, or service and delivering it in a new way that creates a benefit to the user. Innovations are often borne out of necessity or frustration with the way things are currently done. In most cases, innovations start with available resources and are often developed through a process of trial and error. The process of capturing an innovation involves several steps, including defining the innovation, identifying the inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impact, and documenting the innovation. This can be done using templates such as the Background Notes Template, the Global Innovation Exchange template, and the Success Story template. Once the information is collected, it can be used to write up an innovation, which can be shared with others through various channels.