USAID Biodiversity (Jal Jangal) Baseline Survey and Data Analysis Report

The project aims to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable natural resource management. The survey was conducted in four conservation landscapes: Terai Arc Landscape (TAL), Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Kailash Sacred Landscape, and Karnali Conservation Landscape. The survey assessed the socio-demographic situation in the landscapes, including the number of households, population density, and economic activities. The results showed that the majority of the population in the surveyed areas were engaged in agriculture, with a significant proportion of households practicing subsistence farming. The survey also found that the majority of households in the surveyed areas had limited access to basic services such as electricity, sanitation, and sanitation facilities. The survey assessed the biologically significant areas in the four conservation landscapes, including the extent of forest cover, land cover, and water resources. The results showed that the forest cover in the four conservation landscapes was relatively high, with a significant proportion of the area under forest cover. However, the survey also found that the land cover in the four conservation landscapes was changing, with a significant increase in agricultural land and a decrease in forest cover. The survey assessed the households' association with natural resource management (NRM) groups, including their membership, participation, and economic benefits. The results showed that a significant proportion of households in the surveyed areas were associated with NRM groups, with a majority of households receiving economic benefits from their involvement in these groups. The survey assessed the households' practice of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) mitigation measures, including the types of measures practiced and the households' association with NRM groups. The results showed that a significant proportion of households in the surveyed areas practiced HWC mitigation measures, with a majority of households associated with NRM groups. The survey assessed the households' access to basic services, including drinking water, sanitation, and sanitation facilities. The results showed that a significant proportion of households in the surveyed areas had limited access to basic services, with a majority of households relying on open defecation and unimproved sanitation facilities. The survey assessed the households' awareness and participation in climate change adaptation activities, including their participation in climate field schools and their engagement in risk reduction activities. The results showed that a significant proportion of households in the surveyed areas were aware of climate change adaptation activities, with a majority of households participating in climate field schools and engaging in risk reduction activities. The survey assessed the capacity of community forest user groups (CFUGs) to assess or address climate change risks, including their participation in climate change adaptation activities and their engagement in risk reduction activities. The results showed that a significant proportion of CFUGs in the surveyed areas had improved capacity to assess or address climate change risks, with a majority of CFUGs participating in climate change adaptation activities and engaging in risk reduction activities. The survey assessed the representation of women and other marginalized social groups in key executive positions in NRM groups, including their participation in decision-making processes. The results showed that a significant proportion of women and other marginalized social groups in the surveyed areas were represented in key executive positions in NRM groups, with a majority of women participating in decision-making processes. The survey assessed the households' conflict with wildlife, including the types of conflict and the households' association with NRM groups. The results showed that a significant proportion of households in the surveyed areas faced conflict with wildlife, with a majority of households associated with NRM groups. The survey assessed the households' engagement in climate smart agriculture, including their participation in climate field schools and their engagement in risk reduction activities. The results showed that a significant proportion of households in the surveyed areas were engaged in climate smart agriculture, with a majority of households participating in climate field schools and engaging in risk reduction activities. The survey assessed the households' access to productive economic resources, including their participation in NRM groups and their engagement in risk reduction activities. The results showed that a significant proportion of households in the surveyed areas had limited access to productive economic resources, with a majority of households relying on subsistence farming and limited access to markets. The survey assessed the households' representation in key executive positions in NRM groups, including their participation in decision-making processes. The results showed that a significant proportion of households in the surveyed areas were represented in key executive positions in NRM groups, with a majority of households participating in decision-making processes.