Vulnerability Assessment of Central Coast Senegal (Saloum) and The Gambia Marine Coast and Estuary to Climate Change Induced Effects

The region's unique geography and climate make it susceptible to sea level rise, reduced precipitation, and increased erosion. The study area includes the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve, a critical habitat for marine biodiversity, and the Gambia's coastline, which is exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. The region's geology and geomorphology are characterized by a mix of sandy and rocky coastlines, with mangrove forests and salt marshes providing important coastal protection. The climate is tropical, with high temperatures and humidity levels throughout the year. The region experiences a distinct wet and dry season, with the majority of rainfall occurring between June and October. The vulnerability assessment identified several key areas of concern, including exposure to sea level rise, reduced precipitation, and increased erosion. The study found that a 2-meter inundation level would result in significant flooding and saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources, affecting agriculture and human settlements. A 10-meter inundation level would have catastrophic consequences, including the loss of coastal wetlands and mangrove forests, and the displacement of communities. The assessment also highlighted the importance of adaptive capacity in mitigating the impacts of climate change. The region's adaptive capacity is influenced by factors such as communication, agriculture, coastal wetlands protection, erosion control, sustainable fisheries, and marine protected areas. The study recommended the development of a communication plan to raise awareness about climate change effects, the implementation of agriculture and salt intrusion management practices, and the protection and restoration of coastal wetlands. The region's marine biodiversity is also under threat from climate change. The study found that fish exposure and sensitivity to reduced precipitation, as well as agriculture exposure and sensitivity to reduced precipitation, are significant concerns. The assessment recommended the implementation of sustainable fisheries management practices and the establishment of marine protected areas to conserve and protect the region's marine biodiversity. The study area is also home to several protected areas, including the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve, which provides important habitat for marine biodiversity. The assessment recommended the protection and restoration of these areas to enhance the region's adaptive capacity and mitigate the impacts of climate change. Overall, the vulnerability assessment highlights the need for urgent action to address the impacts of climate change on the Central Coastal Senegal (Saloum) and The Gambia Marine Coast and Estuary. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the region's vulnerability and adaptive capacity, and recommends a range of measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change and promote sustainable development.